Cell Transplantation by Grace C. Lee
English | 2025 | ISBN: 168251899X | 290 pages | PDF | 10 Mb
Cell transplantation is a sub-class of cell-based therapies, where cells placed on a two-dimensional or in a three-dimensional polymeric scaffold facilitate the repair or regeneration of damaged tissue. In this approach, cells obtained from a donor site in a patient are harvested, expanded in culture, seeded onto an appropriate scaffold, and then transplanted to the defect site. Stem cells are unspecialized cells of the human body. They are able to differentiate into any cell of an organism and have the ability of self-renewal. Stem cells exist both in embryos and adult cells. There are several steps of specialization. Developmental potency is reduced with each step, which means that a unipotent stem cell is not able to differentiate into as many types of cells as a pluripotent one. Cell Transplantation has emerged as a promising field, based on progress in cell and molecular biology allowing isolation, characterization, expansion, and engineering of cells as potential therapeutic tools. Experience in the last two decades yielded significant results in the reconstruction of epithelial tissues, such as the skin or the cornea. However, the use of cells for regeneration of more complex organs, such as the heart or the brain, has met more difficulties, probably due to limited knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cell grafting and integration into host tissues. In other words, as predicted by Neil Theise twenty years ago, knowledge in tissue biology did not parallel progress in cell and molecular biology. The concept of "replacing" diseased or aged organs with younger and more active cells, such as stem cells, has dominated the field for some years. Experimental and clinical evidence now indicates that repopulation of non-epithelial tissues with exogenous cells is generally inconsistent, supporting an indirect primary mechanism other than structural integration of transplanted cells at injured site, and it is generally accepted that such underlying mechanisms can be mostly characterized as paracrine effects.
This book will cover the whole pathway translating scientific advances into therapeutic interventions, including in vitro and in vivo studies on mechanisms of action, animal models of target diseases, GMP production, and clinical trials. The book will focus on stem cell classification to make it easier for the reader. In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a very promising and advanced scientific research topic. The development of treatment methods has evoked great expectations. This book is focused on the discovery of different stem cells and the potential therapies based on these cells. The genesis of stem cells is followed by laboratory steps of controlled stem cell culturing and derivation. Quality control and teratoma formation assays are important procedures in assessing the properties of the stem cells tested. Derivation methods and the utilization of culturing media are crucial to set proper environmental conditions for controlled differentiation. Among many types of stem tissue applications, the use of graphene scaffolds and the potential of extracellular vesicle-based therapies require attention due to their versatility.
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