Genome Engineering for Crop Improvement by Lin Wang
English | 2024 | ISBN: 1682518973 | 306 pages | PDF | 11 Mb
The human population is expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. A major challenge of our time is learning how to feed the expanding population and succeed in doing so. Owing largely to the Green Revolution and advances in plant breeding techniques, current crop yields can provide sufficient food for a majority of the human population. To improve food security, plant biology research aims to improve crop yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as increasing the nutrient contents of food. Conventional breeding systems have allowed breeders to produce improved varieties of many crops; for example, hybrid grain crops show dramatic improvements in yield. However, many challenges remain and emerging technologies have the potential to address many of these challenges. For example, site-specific nucleases such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas systems, which enable high-efficiency genome engineering across eukaryotic species, have revolutionized biological research and its applications in crop plants. These nucleases have been used in diverse plant species to generate a wide variety of site-specific genome modifications through strategies that include targeted mutagenesis and editing for various agricultural biotechnology applications. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas genome-wide screens make it possible to discover novel traits, expand the range of traits, and accelerate trait development in target crops that are key for food security.
This book is intended to discuss the development and use of various site-specific nuclease systems for different plant genome-engineering applications. We highlight the existing opportunities to harness these technologies for targeted improvement of traits to enhance crop productivity and resilience to climate change. These cutting-edge genome-editing technologies are thus poised to reshape the future of agriculture and food security.
To increase the nutrition of crops, current approaches aim to provide diverse and balanced diets with adequate levels of vitamins and minerals that enhance human health. Recent developments in crop biotechnology make it possible to manipulate the key enzymes in certain metabolic pathways, thereby enhancing the contents of key nutrients such as vitamins and iron, and reducing the contents of unfavorable compounds such as phytic acids and acrylamide-forming amino acids. Feeding the ever-growing population is a major challenge, especially in light of rapidly changing climate conditions. Genome editing is set to revolutionize plant breeding and could help secure the global food supply. This book also reviews the development and application of genome editing tools in plants while highlighting newly developed techniques. It also describes new plant breeding strategies based on genome editing and discuss their impact on crop production, with an emphasis on recent advancements in genome editing-based plant improvements that could not be achieved by conventional breeding.
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