HISTORY OF ELECTRONIC MUSIC

What is electronic music: definitions and key concepts.
Why it is important to study its history.
A brief overview of music before electronic music (classical, jazz, experimental).
2. Precursors and Early Experimentation (1890-1950s)
Pioneering instruments:
Theremin (1919, Léon Theremin, Russia): the first electronic instrument played without physical contact.
Ondes Martenot (1928, Maurice Martenot, France).
Trautonium (1929, Friedrich Trautwein, Germany).
Composers and experimenters:
Edgard Varèse: Poème électronique.
Karlheinz Stockhausen: pioneer of electronic serialism.
Historical context: post-World War I, advances in radio and electricity.
Possible sources:
Holmes, Thom. Electronic and Experimental Music: Pioneers in Technology and Composition. Routledge, 2012.
Manning, Peter. Electronic and Computer Music. Oxford University Press, 2013.
3. Musique Concrète and Tape Music (1940s-1960s)
Concept: recording, manipulating, and rearranging real-world sounds.
Key figures:
Pierre Schaeffer (France), creator of musique concrète.
Luciano Berio and Karlheinz Stockhausen in tape music experiments.
Key technology: magnetic tapes, loops, and sound manipulation effects.
4. The Birth of Synthesizers (1960s-1970s)
Robert Moog and the Moog synthesizer.
Wendy Carlos and Switched-On Bach (1968), a major commercial success.
Popularization of synthesizers in rock and pop bands (Pink Floyd, Kraftwerk).
5. Early Electronic Music Genres (1970s-1980s)
Kraftwerk: pioneers of electro-pop.
Electronic disco: Giorgio Moroder, Donna Summer.
Techno and house (Detroit, Chicago): late 1970s, early 1980s.
Acid house and the rave culture in Chicago and London.
Brewster, Bill, and Frank Broughton. Last Night a DJ Saved My Life. Headline, 2000.
Sicko, Dan. Techno Rebels: The Renegades of Electronic Funk. Wayne State University Press, 2010.
6. Global Expansion and Subgenres (1980s-1990s)
Ambient and New Age: Brian Eno, Tangerine Dream.
Rave, trance, and hardcore: Europe.
Big Beat and mainstream electronic: The Chemical Brothers, The Prodigy.
Emergence of festivals and club culture.
7. Electronic Music Today (2000s-Present)
EDM (Electronic Dance Music) and its global popularization.
Fusion with pop, hip hop, and other genres.
Technological impact: DAWs (Ableton, FL Studio), home production, and streaming.
DJ culture and massive music festivals.
8. Conclusio.
Reflection on technological and cultural evolution.
Electronic music as a global phenomenon and artistic expression.
9. Appendices
Timeline of instruments and genres.
List of key composers, producers, and DJs.
Bibliography and academic references.

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